Mashi 23, 2021 Intuthuko Yomnotho
I-World Intellectual Property Organisation ikhiphe umbiko omusha namuhla, ithi eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukusungulwa "kobuchwepheshe obusizayo" ukusiza ukunqoba isenzo somuntu, umbono, nezinye izithiyo nezinkinga kuye kwabonisa "ukukhula okuphindwe kabili", futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwayo nezimpahla zansuku zonke ezisetshenziswayo kuye kwaba seduze kakhulu.
UMarco El Alamein, uMqondisi Jikelele Osizayo Wempahla Yobuhlakani kanye Nezinto Ezintsha, uthe, "Njengamanje, kunabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi eziyinkulungwane emhlabeni abadinga ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokusiza. Njengoba ukwanda kokuguga kwabantu kuqhubeka, leli nani lizophindeka kabili eminyakeni eyishumi ezayo."
Umbiko onesihloko esithi "WIPO 2021 Technology Trend Report: Assistive Technology" uthe kusukela ekuthuthukisweni okuqhubekayo kwemikhiqizo ekhona kuya ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu, ukusungula izinto ezintsha emkhakheni "we-Assistive technology" kungathuthukisa kakhulu izimpilo zabantu abakhubazekile futhi kubasize benze, baxhumane futhi basebenze ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto eziphilayo ne-Consumer electronics kusiza ekuthengisweni okuqhubekayo kwalobu buchwepheshe.
Umbiko ukhombisa ukuthi phakathi kwamalungelo obunikazi akhishwe engxenyeni yokuqala ka-1998-2020, kunemalungelo obunikazi angaphezu kuka-130000 ahlobene nobuchwepheshe bokusiza, okuhlanganisa nezihlalo zabakhubazekile ezingalungiswa ngokwezindawo ezahlukene, ama-alamu ezemvelo, kanye namadivayisi okusekela iBraille. Phakathi kwazo, inani lezicelo zelungelo lobunikazi lobuchwepheshe obusizayo obusafufusa lifinyelele ku-15592, okuhlanganisa amarobhothi asizayo, izinhlelo zokusebenza zasekhaya ezihlakaniphile, amadivayisi agqokwayo abantu abanenkinga yokubona, kanye nama-Smartglass. Inani elimaphakathi lonyaka lezicelo zelungelo lobunikazi lenyuke ngo-17% phakathi kuka-2013 no-2017.
Ngokusho kombiko, ubuchwepheshe bezemvelo kanye nomsebenzi wesenzo yizindawo ezimbili ezisebenzayo kakhulu zokusungula izinto ezintsha kubuchwepheshe obusizayo obusafufusa. Izinga lokukhula elimaphakathi lonyaka lezicelo zelungelo lobunikazi lingu-42% kanye no-24% ngokulandelana. Ubuchwepheshe bezemvelo obusafufusa buhlanganisa izinsiza zokuzulazula kanye namarobhothi asizayo ezindaweni zomphakathi, kuyilapho ubuchwepheshe beselula buhlanganisa izihlalo zabakhubazekile ezizimele, izinsiza zokulinganisela, izinduku ezihlakaniphile, "izitho zokufakelwa ze-neural" ezikhiqizwa ubuchwepheshe bokuphrinta be-3D, kanye "ne-Exoskeleton Egqokwayo" engathuthukisa amandla nokuhambahamba.
Ukusebenzisana kwabantu namakhompyutha
Inhlangano yamalungelo empahla ithi ngo-2030, ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana phakathi kwabantu namakhompyutha buzothuthuka kakhulu, okungasiza abantu ukulawula kangcono amadivayisi kagesi ayinkimbinkimbi njengamakhompyutha nama-smartphone. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ubuchwepheshe bokulawula imvelo kanye nobuchwepheshe bokusiza ukuzwa obulawulwa ubuchopho bomuntu nabo benze intuthuko enkulu eminyakeni yamuva nje, banikeza usizo olwengeziwe kubantu abanokukhubazeka kokuzwa, phakathi kwabo i-Cochlear implant ethuthuke kakhulu icishe ibe yisigamu senani lezicelo zelungelo lobunikazi kulo mkhakha.
Ngokusho kwe-WIPO, ubuchwepheshe obukhula ngokushesha kakhulu emkhakheni wokuzwa yi-"Bone conduction equipment" engangenisi uhlaselo, lapho izicelo zaminyaka yonke ze-patent zikhuphuke ngo-31%, futhi ukuhlanganiswa kwayo ne-Consumer electronics kanye nobuchwepheshe bezokwelapha obujwayelekile nakho kuyaqina.
U-Irene Kitsara, isikhulu solwazi soMnyango Wezokwakha Impahla Nokusungula Izinto Ezintsha weNhlangano Yezokwakha Impahla, uthe, "Manje sesiyabona ukuthi izinsiza zokuzwa ezigqokwa ekhanda ezivunyelwe yi-US Food and Drug Administration zithengiswa ngqo ezitolo ezijwayelekile, futhi zibhekwa njengomkhiqizo we-elekthronikhi ongasiza abantu abangenazo izinkinga zokuzwa, Isibonelo, ubuchwepheshe be-"Bone conduction" bungasetshenziswa kuma-earphone athuthukiswe ngokukhethekile kubagijimi.
Inguquko Ehlakaniphile
Izinhlangano zamalungelo empahla zithi amagagasi afanayo "obuhlakani" bomkhiqizo wendabuko azoqhubeka nokuthuthuka, njenge-"manabukeni ahlakaniphile" namarobhothi okusiza ukuncelisa izingane, okuyizinto ezimbili ezintsha emkhakheni wokunakekelwa komuntu siqu.
UKisala uthe, "Ubuchwepheshe obufanayo bungasetshenziswa nasekunakekelweni kwezempilo kwedijithali ukusiza ekuthuthukiseni impilo yabantu. Esikhathini esizayo, imikhiqizo efanayo izoqhubeka nokuvela, futhi ukuncintisana emakethe kuzoba kukhulu kakhulu. Eminye imikhiqizo ebiza kakhulu ebibhekwa njengezinhloso ezikhethekile kuze kube manje nayo izoqala ukwehla ngentengo.
Ukuhlaziywa kwedatha yesicelo se-patent yi-WIPO kukhombisa ukuthi iShayina, i-United States, iJalimane, iJapan, kanye neNingizimu Korea yizona zindawo ezinhlanu ezinkulu zokusungula ubuchwepheshe obusizayo, futhi inani lezicelo ezivela eShayina naseNingizimu Korea liye landa unyaka nonyaka, okuqale ukuzamazamisa isikhundla sokubusa sesikhathi eside se-United States neJapan kulo mkhakha.
Ngokusho kwe-WIPO, phakathi kwezicelo zelungelo lobunikazi emkhakheni wobuchwepheshe obusafufusa bokusiza, amanyuvesi, kanye nezikhungo zocwaningo zomphakathi yizona ezivelele kakhulu, ezibalelwa ku-23% wabafakizicelo, kuyilapho abasunguli abazimele bengabafaki bezicelo abayinhloko bobuchwepheshe bendabuko bokusiza, ababalelwa ku-40% wabo bonke abafaki bezicelo, kanti abangaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yabo baseShayina.
I-WIPO ithe impahla yobuhlakani ikhuthaze ukukhula kokusungula ubuchwepheshe obusizayo. Njengamanje, ingxenye eyodwa kweziyishumi kuphela yabantu emhlabeni esenayo imikhiqizo yokusiza edingekayo. Umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba kufanele uqhubeke nokukhuthaza ukusungula ubuchwepheshe obusizayo emhlabeni wonke ngaphansi kohlaka lweSivumelwano Sezizwe Ezihlangene Samalungelo Abantu Abakhubazekile kanye ne-WHO futhi ukhuthaze ukuthandwa kwalolu buchwepheshe ukuze kuzuze abantu abaningi.
Mayelana neNhlangano Yempahla Yobuhlakani Yomhlaba Wonke
I-World Intellectual Property Organisation, enendlunkulu yayo eGeneva, iyinkundla enkulu yomhlaba wonke yokukhuthaza izinqubomgomo zempahla yengqondo, izinsizakalo, ulwazi, kanye nokubambisana. Njengenhlangano ekhethekile yeZizwe Ezihlangene, i-WIPO isiza amazwe ayo angamalungu ayi-193 ekuthuthukiseni uhlaka lwezomthetho lwempahla yengqondo lwamazwe ngamazwe olulinganisela izintshisekelo zabo bonke abathintekayo futhi luhlangabezana nezidingo zentuthuko yezenhlalo eqhubekayo. Le nhlangano inikeza izinsizakalo zebhizinisi ezihlobene nokuthola amalungelo empahla yengqondo kanye nokuxazulula izingxabano emazweni amaningi, kanye nezinhlelo zokwakha amandla ukusiza amazwe asathuthuka ukuthi azuze ekusetshenzisweni kwempahla yengqondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ihlinzeka futhi ngokufinyelela kwamahhala ezindaweni zokugcina ulwazi lwempahla yengqondo ezikhethekile.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Agasti-11-2023
